Contoh Soal SNBT 2023 Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris, Cocok Untuk yang Mau Masuk Universitas Tidar

Berdasarkan kalimat By appropriately and intentionally using the technology of this day—broadcast television—to connect with each individual child and with parents and families, it demonstrated the positive potential of using technology and media in ways that are grounded in principles of child development, dapat disimpulkan bahwa menggunakan teknologi dengan tepat dan ditujukan untuk terhubung dengan setiap anak dengan orangtua dan keluarganya, menunjukkan potensi positif penggunaan teknologi dan media dengan cara yang didasarkan pada prinsip-prinsip perkembangan anak.

Dengan demikian, penulis berasumsi bahwa teknologi dan media dapat digunakan untuk memfasilitasi pembelajaran dan menciptakan hubungan dengan anak-anak lain serta orang dewasa. Oleh karena itu, pilihan E tepat.

The questions number 4 - 6 are based on the following passage.

Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw materials slowed or sometimes stopped. On top of that, shifting consumer values and tougher environmental regulations have resulted in more people buying hybrid vehicles. The batteries in these cars require rare metals that, depending on their supplies, can have volatile and unpredictable prices. However, there are other scarce elements and materials that may be used in smaller amounts in hybrid models versus conventional gas vehicles, raising the question of how these vehicles really compare with regard to supply chain vulnerabilities. Randolph Kirchain and colleagues wanted to develop a comprehensive comparison of the elements and compounds that go into all the parts in gas-powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars, calculating each of the three vehicles' materials cost vulnerability.

The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than 350,000 parts used to build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with different levels of electrification, including four sedans and three sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Then, they calculated the amount of the 76 chemical elements present, as well as a few other materials, in each car type. To develop a monetary metric for vulnerability, the team considered the weight of each component, along with its average price and price volatility between 1998 and 2015. The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks. The largest contributors to the increase in cost risks were battery-related elements, such as cobalt, nickel, graphite and neodymium. The researchers say that as manufacturers ramp up electric vehicle production to meet demand, reducing raw material cost risks with long-term supplier contracts, substituting some materials or recycling others will be a good idea.

4. According to the passage, due to the raw components, the buyers will find a hybrid vehicle.....

A. pricey

B. exorbitant

C. invaluable

D. overpriced

E. economical

Jawaban: A. pricey

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan informasi yang tepat tentang pendapat pembeli mengenai mobil hibrida berdasarkan bahan bakunya.

Informasi yang menunjukkan bahan baku mobil hibrida terdapat di paragraf kedua. Pada paragraf tersebut, disampaikan bahwa menurut penelitian, komponen kendaraan hibrida berharga tinggi (The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks.).

Dengan demikian, dapat diketahui bahwa ketika orang-orang membeli kendaraan hibrida, mereka akan mendapati produk tersebut berharga tinggi sehingga pilihan A tepat.

5. How does the author organize the ideas in paragraph 1 and 2?

A. Paragraph 2 exemplifies issues stated in paragraph 1.

B. Paragraph 2 contains a solution to the issue addressed in paragraph 1.

C. Paragraph 2 asserts the weakness of hybrid vehicles explained in paragraph 1.

D. Paragraph 2 reveals the reasons behind the research on vehicles introduced in paragraph 1.

E. Paragraph 2 explains further about research on gas-powered and hybrid vehicles mentioned in paragraph 1.

Jawaban: E. Paragraph 2 explains further about research on gas-powered and hybrid vehicles mentioned in paragraph 1.

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan kaitan antara paragraf 1 dan paragraf 2 pada teks.

Paragraf 1 membahas tentang upaya penelitian untuk membandingkan komponen mobil berbahan bakar minyak dengan mobil hibrida. Penelitian ini didasarkan ketidakjelasan dampak yang diberikan kedua jenis kendaraan tersebut terhadap kerentanan rantai pasokan elektronik. Sementara itu, paragraf 2 menjabarkan bagaimana penelitian tersebut dilaksanakan. Dengan demikian, paragraf 2 menjelaskan lebih lanjut tentang penelitian yang disebutkan pada paragraf 1 sehingga pilihan E tepat.

6. Which of the following best restates the underlined sentence in the first paragraph?

A. Stricter environmental laws and changing consumer behavior have impacted how people buy hybrid vehicles.

B. Changing consumption patterns and stricter environmental laws have deceived hybrid vehiclebuyers.

C. Hybrid vehicle users have been disappointed by environmental rules and eco-friendly vehicle trend.

D. Stricter environmental rules and changing market trends have urged people to use hybrid vehicles.

E. Consumer values and tougher environmental rules reduce the purchase of hybrid vehicles.

Jawaban: D. Stricter environmental rules and changing market trends have urged people to use hybrid vehicles.

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan parafrasa yang tepat untuk kalimat yang digarisbawahi pada paragraf 1.

Terjemahan kalimat yang bergaris bawah adalah  'Selain itu, pergeseran perilaku konsumen dan peraturan lingkungan yang lebih ketat telah mengakibatkan lebih banyak orang membeli kendaraan hibrida.'

Kalimat bermakna sama dengan kalimat tersebut adalah Stricter environmental rules and changing market trends have urged people to use hybrid vehicles, yang terjemahannya adalah 'Peraturan lingkungan yang lebih ketat dan tren pasar yang berubah telah mendorong orang untuk menggunakan kendaraan hibrida.'. Dengan demikian, pilihan D tepat.

The questions number 7 - 9 are based on the following passage.

In the US, consumers spend around $700 million a year keeping their fabrics soft. In the UK people spend £200 million a year on fabric softener. A giant manufacturer even claims a massive 50 percent share of the market. Despite the popularity, fabric softeners can be harmful to both the people who use them and the marine life that ends up swimming in them.

Fabric softening surfactants can be derived from animals, plants or minerals, as in the case of newer, silicone-based formulations. There is little difference between the chemicals used in fabric softeners and those used in hair conditioners. Whatever they are based on, all fabric softeners work in pretty much the same way, by depositing these surfactants onto the fabric to make it feel softer, reduce static cling, and impart a fresh fragrance.

Special fixatives in the mix of both standard and luxury conditioners mean that the fragrance can last for days, permeating wardrobes and drawers. The regular off-gassing of perfume chemicals from fabric softeners can be a significant trigger for asthma and other breathing problems. In the US, chemically sensitive individuals complain that, even after several washes, they cannot get the smell of fabric softeners out of their washing machines and dryers.

If you are a fabric softener addict, there are now a number of companies that provide alternative and ‘green’ fabric softeners. However, essentially, these are unnecessary products that can trigger health problems and can interfere with the functional aspect of some textiles. For instance, when used on towels and nappies, some fabric softeners can reduce absorbency, which is why it’s generally recommended that reusable nappies aren’t washed with them. Once they are washed down the drain they can become highly toxic to aquatic life. Given this, maybe it’s worth asking yourself whether the time has come to break the fabric softener habit completely.

7. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The downside of fabric softener usage

B. The popularity of fabric softener in the US

C. Harmful compounds found in fabric softener

D. Controlling the habit of using fabric softener

E. Environmental issues caused by fabric softener

Jawaban: A. The downside of fabric softener usage

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan gagasan utama dari teks. Untuk menentukan gagasan utama keseluruhan teks, gagasan utama dari setiap paragraf perlu dipahami terlebih dulu.

Paragraf 1 menyampaikan bahwa meskipun banyak digunakan, pelembut kain bisa berbahaya bagi orang yang menggunakannya dan kehidupan laut.

Paragraf 2 membahas mengenai senyawa kimia (surfaktan) yang terkandung dalam pelembut kain dan caranya bekerja.

Paragraf 3 membahas wewangian pada pelembut kain yang dapat menjadi pemicu yang signifikan masalah pernapasan.

Paragraf 4 membahas tentang penggunaan pelembut kain yang dianggap tidak perlu karena membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan kehidupan laut.

Secara keseluruhan, dapat dipahami bahwa gagasan utama teks tersebut adalah sisi negatif dari penggunaan pelembut kain seperti gangguan pernafasan dan potensi kerusakan di kehidupan laut. Dengan demikian, pilihan A tepat.

8. The word permeating in the third paragraph is similar in meaning with…..

A. filling

B. soaking

C. charging

D. attaining

E. absorbing

Jawaban: A. filling

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan kata yang maknanya sama dengan kata permeating.

Kata permeating terdapat pada paragraf ketiga kalimat pertama, yang artinya 'Fiksatif khusus dalam campuran kondisioner standar dan mewah yang berarti bahwa wewangian dapat bertahan selama berhari-hari, permeating lemari dan laci'. Jika wangi dalam bertahan lama, maka dapat dipahami jika wangi tersebut sudah mengisi atau meresap ke dalam lemari dan laci. Kata permeating memiliki arti 'meresap' sehingga kata dengan makna yang serupa adalah filling (mengisi). Dengan demikian, pilihan A tepat.

Sementara itu, kata soaking memiliki arti 'merendam'; charging memiliki arti 'mengisi'; attaining memiliki arti 'mencapai'; absorbing memiliki arti 'menyerap' sehingga pilihan lainnya tidak tepat.

9. Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized that…..

A. 'Green' softeners are developed in response to the needs of fabric softener addicts.

B. Manufactures will shift to producing 'green' fabric softener products.

C. A small amount of fabric softener chemicals in the water will not harm aquatic life.

D. The absorbency in some textiles will be reduced if they are washed with fabric softeners.

E. People with breathing problems will feel safer using fabric softener if it contains fewer perfume chemicals.

Jawaban: E. People with breathing problems will feel safer using fabric softener if it contains fewer perfume chemicals.

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan hipotesis atau kesimpulan sementara yang bisa dibuat berdasarkan teks tersebut. Kesimpulan tersebut masih perlu dibuktikan kebenarannya melalui penelitian.

Pilihan E (Orang dengan masalah pernapasan akan merasa lebih aman menggunakan pelembut kain jika mengandung lebih sedikit bahan kimia parfum.) tepat. Pada paragraf 3 dijelaskan bahwa bahan kimia parfum dari pelembut kain dapat menjadi pemicu asma dan masalah pernafasan lainnya. Dari pernyataan ini dapat dibuat hipotesis (kesimpulan sementara), yaitu jika pelembut kain mengandung lebih sedikit bahan kimia parfum, maka akan memperkecil kemungkinan timbulnya masalah pernafasan sehingga membuat mereka yang memiliki masalah pernafasan akan merasa lebih aman menggunakannya.

The questions number 10 are based on the following passage

TikTok is often applauded for its recommendation system; once it’s finely tuned, the app becomes one of the best scrolling experiences. My personal theory is that’s why TikTok is so addicting—everything is so perfectly curated to your specific interests, it’s hard to put the phone down once you’re sucked in. However, TikTok’s recommendation algorithm still has its own flaws that the company brings up in its new blog post.

“One of the inherent challenges with recommendation engines is that they can inadvertently limit user experience–what is sometimes referred to as a ‘filter bubble’,” the post reads. It states that by optimizing for personalization and relevance, there is a risk of presenting an increasingly homogenous stream of videos.

Another issue that TikTok takes seriously is not surfacing dangerous content. This is an issue that YouTube in particular has faced criticism over for many years. According to TikTok, content that has graphic material like medical procedures or “legal consumption of regulated goods,” like alcohol, may not be eligible for recommendation because it could come across as “shocking if surfaced as a recommended video to a general audience”. That’s why many creators on TikTok will upload a video more than once or talk openly about feeling shadow banned over particular content.

10. The writer of the passage intends to.....

A. illustrate TikTok users' concerns about the app's recommendation system

B. oppose the idea that TikTok has a sophisticated recommendation system

C. warn the readers about TikTok’s poor recommendation system

D. inform about the downsides of TikTok's recommendation system

E. explain how TikTok resolves the recommendation system issue

Jawaban: D. inform about the downsides of TikTok's recommendation system

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan tujuan penulis menulis teks tersebut.

Tujuan seorang penulis tercermin dari topik dan kesimpulan yang terdapat di dalam tulisannya. Oleh sebab itu, pembaca perlu memahami dua hal tersebut lebih dulu supaya dapat menentukan tujuan penulis.

Dalam paragraf pertama teks bacaan, penulis memperkenalkan sistem rekomendasi aplikasi TikTok dan menyebutkan bahwa sistem tersebut masih memiliki kekurangan. Di paragraf kedua, penulis menyebutkan kekurangan yang pertama, yaitu membatasi pengalaman pengguna. Kemudian, di paragraf ketiga, penulis membahas kekurangan lainnya, yaitu ketidakmunculan video-video tertentu yang mengandung konten yang melanggar kebijakan TikTok. Kebijakan ini membuat para pembuat video merasa dilarang secara diam-diam. Melihat topik-topik setiap paragraf tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tujuan penulis adalah menjabarkan kekurangan-kekurangan sistem rekomendasi TikTok.

(cr31/tribun-medan.com)