Contoh Soal SNBT 2023 Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris, Cocok Untuk Calon Mahasiswa yang Mau Masuk UGM

C. The perpetrators of buying and selling fake products will be arrested.

D. More people would place a higher value on intellectual property.

E. Counterfeit items will be less widely distributed in the USA.

Jawaban: E. Counterfeit items will be less widely distributed in the USA.

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan prediksi penulis berdasarkan paragraf ketiga.

Paragraf ketiga membahas upaya IPR Center dan 27 mitra sektor publik dan swasta dalam memerangi pencurian kekayaan intelektual yang dapat membantu pemantauan terhadap penjualan barang tiruan di dunia maya.

Berdasarkan informasi tersebut, prediksi penulis yang paling tepat adalah E, Counterfeit items will be less widely distributed in the USA (peredaran barang tiruan di Amerika serikat akan berkurang). Prediksi ini tepat karena berkurangnya peredaran barang tiruan di Amerika Serikat dapat terjadi akibat ketatnya pemantauan penjualan barang palsu di negara tersebut.

Pilihan A (Jumlah pecandu barang tiruan akan berkurang.) dan C (Pelaku jual beli produk palsu akan ditangkap.) tidak tepat karena sasaran dari IPR dan rekan-rekan adalah para penjual, bukan pecandu barang tiruan (pembeli).

Pilihan B (Orang Amerika akan dapat berbelanja dengan bijaksana di platform belanja online.) tidak tepat. Tujuan dari tindakan yang dilakukan IPR dan rekan-rekan adalah agar warga Amerika Serikat dapat berbelanja dengan aman, bukan berbelanja dengan bijaksana.

Pilihan D (Lebih banyak orang akan lebih menjunjung tinggi kekayaan intelektual.) tidak tepat. Frasa 'lebih banyak orang' terlalu luas karena operasi yang dilaksanakan IPR dan rekan-rekan hanya menyasar para penjual barang tiruan. Dengan kata lain, pihak yang diminta untuk menghargai kekayaan intelektual adalah para pedagang barang tiruan, bukan semua orang.

The questions number 4 - 5 are based on the following passage.

In the US, consumers spend around $700 million a year keeping their fabrics soft. In the UK people spend £200 million a year on fabric softener. A giant manufacturer even claims a massive 50 percent share of the market. Despite the popularity, fabric softeners can be harmful to both the people who use them and the marine life that ends up swimming in them.

Fabric softening surfactants can be derived from animals, plants or minerals, as in the case of newer, silicone-based formulations. There is little difference between the chemicals used in fabric softeners and those used in hair conditioners. Whatever they are based on, all fabric softeners work in pretty much the same way, by depositing these surfactants onto the fabric to make it feel softer, reduce static cling, and impart a fresh fragrance.

Special fixatives in the mix of both standard and luxury conditioners mean that the fragrance can last for days, permeating wardrobes and drawers. The regular off-gassing of perfume chemicals from fabric softeners can be a significant trigger for asthma and other breathing problems. In the US, chemically sensitive individuals complain that, even after several washes, they cannot get the smell of fabric softeners out of their washing machines and dryers.

If you are a fabric softener addict, there are now a number of companies that provide alternative and ‘green’ fabric softeners. However, essentially, these are unnecessary products that can trigger health problems and can interfere with the functional aspect of some textiles. For instance, when used on towels and nappies, some fabric softeners can reduce absorbency, which is why it’s generally recommended that reusable nappies aren’t washed with them. Once they are washed down the drain they can become highly toxic to aquatic life. Given this, maybe it’s worth asking yourself whether the time has come to break the fabric softener habit completely.

4. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The downside of fabric softener usage

B. The popularity of fabric softener in the US

C. Harmful compounds found in fabric softener

D. Controlling the habit of using fabric softener

E. Environmental issues caused by fabric softener

Jawaban: A. The downside of fabric softener usage

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan gagasan utama dari teks. Untuk menentukan gagasan utama keseluruhan teks, gagasan utama dari setiap paragraf perlu dipahami terlebih dulu.

Paragraf 1 menyampaikan bahwa meskipun banyak digunakan, pelembut kain bisa berbahaya bagi orang yang menggunakannya dan kehidupan laut.

Paragraf 2 membahas mengenai senyawa kimia (surfaktan) yang terkandung dalam pelembut kain dan caranya bekerja.

Paragraf 3 membahas wewangian pada pelembut kain yang dapat menjadi pemicu yang signifikan masalah pernapasan.

Paragraf 4 membahas tentang penggunaan pelembut kain yang dianggap tidak perlu karena membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan kehidupan laut.

Secara keseluruhan, dapat dipahami bahwa gagasan utama teks tersebut adalah sisi negatif dari penggunaan pelembut kain seperti gangguan pernafasan dan potensi kerusakan di kehidupan laut. Dengan demikian, pilihan A tepat.

Pilihan B (popularitas pelembut kain di AS) tidak tepat. Popularitas penggunaan pelembut kain hanya dibahas sedikit pada paragraf pertama. Jadi, hal ini bukan fokus utama teks.

Pilihan C (senyawa berbahaya yang ditemukan dalam pelembut kain) tidak tepat. Zat kimia memang dibahas dalam teks, tetapi yang menjadi fokus teks adalah akibat dari penggunaanya yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan dan kehidupan laut.

Pilihan D (mengatur kebiasaan menggunakan pelembut kain) tidak tepat karena teks secara umum menyampaikan informasi mengenai kandungan dan dampak penggunaan pelembut pakaian, bukan membahas kebiasaan dalam penggunaannya.

Pilihan E (masalah lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh pelembut kain) tidak tepat karena teks hanya menyebutkan sedikit informasi mengenai pelembut kain yang dapat meracuni kehidupan laut pada paragraf akhir, tetapi tidak membahasnya lebih jauh. Dengan demikian, gagasan utama teks ini tidak membahas masalah-masalah lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh pelembut kain.

5. The word permeating in the third paragraph is similar in meaning with…..

A. filling

B. soaking

C. charging

D. attaining

E. absorbing

Jawaban: A. filling

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan kata yang maknanya sama dengan kata permeating.

Kata permeating terdapat pada paragraf ketiga kalimat pertama, yang artinya 'Fiksatif khusus dalam campuran kondisioner standar dan mewah yang berarti bahwa wewangian dapat bertahan selama berhari-hari, permeating lemari dan laci'. Jika wangi dalam bertahan lama, maka dapat dipahami jika wangi tersebut sudah mengisi atau meresap ke dalam lemari dan laci. Kata permeating memiliki arti 'meresap' sehingga kata dengan makna yang serupa adalah filling (mengisi). Dengan demikian, pilihan A tepat.

Sementara itu, kata soaking memiliki arti 'merendam'; charging memiliki arti 'mengisi'; attaining memiliki arti 'mencapai'; absorbing memiliki arti 'menyerap' sehingga pilihan lainnya tidak tepat.

The questions number 6 - 8 are based on the following passage.

Loneliness and social isolation among older adults is a serious public health threat that affects large numbers of people in the United States and contributes to dementia and other serious illnesses. A report by the National Academy of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) shows that more than a third of adults aged 5 and over feel lonely, and nearly 1/4 of people aged 65 and over are considered socially isolated. Older people experience more loneliness and social isolation because they are more likely to face problems such as living alone, losing family or friends, chronic illness, and hearing loss.

While social isolation and loneliness are difficult to measure accurately, there is strong evidence that many adults aged 50 and over are socially isolated or lonely in ways that harm their health. Recent studies show that social isolation significantly increases a person’s risk of premature death from all causes, competing with smoking, obesity, and physical inactivity. Poor social relationships (marked by social isolation or loneliness) were also associated with a 29 persen increased risk of heart disease. Loneliness in heart failure patients is associated with an almost increased risk of death times, increased risk of hospital admission by 68 % , and increased risk of admission to the emergency room by 57 % .

6. From the last paragraph, we can infer that …

A. Those who experience loneliness may develop heart disease.

B. Feeling lonely aggravates the heart condition of the elderly.

C. Heart disease is the worst ailment that a lonely older person will suffer from.

D. The older people get, the more lonely they will feel.

E. Loneliness and social isolation that people experience makes them unable to survive.

Jawaban: B. Feeling lonely aggravates the heart condition of the elderly.

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan kesimpulan tersirat yang dapat diambil berdasarkan informasi pada teks. 

7. The writer’s intention in writing the passage is to…..

A. Encourage people to be more concerned about the elderly who are lonely and socially isolated

B. Prove that the elderly experiencing loneliness and social isolation actually exist in the united states

C. Convey the pain and sadness experienced by lonely and socially isolated elderly based on research

D. Tell about the loneliness and unhappiness felt by the elderly who are socially isolated, as well as research findings

E. Disseminate the information about the impacts loneliness and social isolation in the elderly

Jawaban: E. Disseminate the information about the impacts loneliness and social isolation in the elderly

Pembahasan

Pertanyaan tersebut menanyakan tentang tujuan penulis dalam menulis teks tersebut.

Paragraf pertama menyatakan bahwa kesepian dan isolasi sosial di kalangan lansia merupakan risiko kesehatan masyarakat utama yang memengaruhi banyak orang di Amerika Serikat.

Alinea kedua memaparkan hasil penelitian tentang dampak kesepian dan isolasi sosial pada lansia.

Secara keseluruhan, teks tersebut membahas efek merugikan dari kesepian dan isolasi sosial pada orang tua.

Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari teks tersebut adalah untuk menyebarkan informasi tentang dampak kesepian dan isolasi sosial pada lansia, sehingga pilihan E benar.

8. To whom is the text likely addressed?

A. People living around elderly

B. Families staying with elderly

C. Retired who recently left his job

D. Senior citizen living alone on the outskirts of town

E. Employers have old workers in their companies

Jawaban: A. People living around elderly

Pembahasan

Pertanyaannya menanyakan sasaran/target pembaca teks.

Secara umum, teks bacaan berkaitan dengan perasaan kesepian dan isolasi sosial lansia yang berdampak negatif bagi kesehatan mereka.

Oleh karena itu, kelompok sasaran teks ini adalah mereka yang tinggal dekat dengan lansia sekaligus memperhatikan kondisi lansia. Oleh karena itu, Opsi A benar.

The questions number 9 - 10 are based on the following passage.

Text 1

You’ve been working and saving for decades for just this moment: retirement. Even though you may be ready to stop working full-time, now comes the hard part: letting yourself use your savings, since you no longer will be bringing in that paycheck, which until now has covered your monthly expenses. Making the psychological shift from saver to spender is no small effort for most people.

“Now you have this lump sum and have to draw it down. For some it’s almost physically painful,” said David John, a senior strategic policy advisor. Unpredictable factors like market performance, life expectancy and health issues make spending your money easier said than done. That’s why people may be hesitant to tap their savings because they think, “I have X dollars and it has to last me my whole life, but I have a very uncertain future. So, if I touch that I’m putting myself at risk.”

Research shows that among retirees with savings, many do not draw down very much, choosing instead to live off fixed sources of funds, such as Social Security or pensions or income from part-time work they take up. A study found that the vast majority of retirees in America still have at least 80 persen of their savings after two decades in retirement. No doubt this is partly because they are among the last generation of workers to benefit from corporate pensions.

The psychological reluctance to tap one’s savings is a factor for most people regardless of their financial condition. It may become more acute for soon-to-be retirees as they face inflation, unstable markets and a lack of pensions, John said. They’re trying to figure out who they are now that their primary career is over and figuring out what they can and can’t do financially

Test 2

It’s hard to manage your money well in retirement unless you’re realistic about what you have. The first thing to do is to make a budget and sketch out a plan to cover your expenses.

Before retiring, keep track of your spending and regular expenses, like housing, food, health care, etc. Then assess how those expenses might change in retirement (e.g., if you plan to move to a less expensive home or area; and if your insurance costs will be subsidized by your old employer).

You should also consider paying for a child’s wedding, buying a car, or taking a major vacation. Then assess what fixed income you will have come in (e.g., Social Security or pension payments). The difference between your expected spending and your fixed income is the amount you will need to draw from your savings.

It would also help to consult with a professional. A financial advisor can help you strategize how to manage and use your money in the years ahead. The one common feeling is that people say they are overwhelmed with all the choices they need to make to live off their savings in retirement. With the different types of accounts many have, the potential for penalties and higher taxes if withdrawals are taken incorrectly and sorting out how their investments may need to shift for retirement income, it can be a lot for a new retiree to get their head around.

9. Which of the following statements is an opinion from Text 1?

A. These plastics never degrade, but rather break up into smaller sizes.

B. Recycling plastic not only helps the environment and reduces trash, but it also creates more jobs.

C. Plastics should not be going into the ocean in the first place.

D. They eventually become microplastics that stay in the environment for hundreds of years.

E. Customers are happy to sleep well and use a product that benefits the environment.

Jawaban: C. 

Pembahasan:  A, B, D and E are facts.

10. What is the relationship between Texts 1 and 2?

A. Text 1 discusses the biodegradable material used in many useful products explained in Text 2.

B. Text 1 explains how biodegradable material can help improve the plastic recycling process discussed in Text 2.

C. Both texts explain what scientists have done to provide plastics which do not harm the environment.

D. Text 2 explains how new plastic material mentioned in Text 1 is recycled to create more jobs.

E. Text 2 discusses the plastic recycling process that has been improved by the research findings explained in Text 1.

Jawaban: C. Both texts explain what scientists have done to provide plastics which do not harm the environment.

Pembahasan: A, B, D and E do not contain correct information.

(cr31/tribun-medan.com)