Contoh Soal SNBT 2023 Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris, Cocok Untuk yang Mau Masuk Universitas Andalas

C. The perpetrators of buying and selling fake products will be arrested.

D. More people would place a higher value on intellectual property.

E. Counterfeit items will be less widely distributed in the USA.

Jawaban: E. Counterfeit items will be less widely distributed in the USA.

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan prediksi penulis berdasarkan paragraf ketiga.

Paragraf ketiga membahas upaya IPR Center dan 27 mitra sektor publik dan swasta dalam memerangi pencurian kekayaan intelektual yang dapat membantu pemantauan terhadap penjualan barang tiruan di dunia maya.

Berdasarkan informasi tersebut, prediksi penulis yang paling tepat adalah E, Counterfeit items will be less widely distributed in the USA (peredaran barang tiruan di Amerika serikat akan berkurang). Prediksi ini tepat karena berkurangnya peredaran barang tiruan di Amerika Serikat dapat terjadi akibat ketatnya pemantauan penjualan barang palsu di negara tersebut.

Pilihan A (Jumlah pecandu barang tiruan akan berkurang.) dan C (Pelaku jual beli produk palsu akan ditangkap.) tidak tepat karena sasaran dari IPR dan rekan-rekan adalah para penjual, bukan pecandu barang tiruan (pembeli).

Pilihan B (Orang Amerika akan dapat berbelanja dengan bijaksana di platform belanja online.) tidak tepat. Tujuan dari tindakan yang dilakukan IPR dan rekan-rekan adalah agar warga Amerika Serikat dapat berbelanja dengan aman, bukan berbelanja dengan bijaksana.

Pilihan D (Lebih banyak orang akan lebih menjunjung tinggi kekayaan intelektual.) tidak tepat. Frasa 'lebih banyak orang' terlalu luas karena operasi yang dilaksanakan IPR dan rekan-rekan hanya menyasar para penjual barang tiruan. Dengan kata lain, pihak yang diminta untuk menghargai kekayaan intelektual adalah para pedagang barang tiruan, bukan semua orang.

The questions number 4 - 5 are based on the following passage.

In the US, consumers spend around $700 million a year keeping their fabrics soft. In the UK people spend £200 million a year on fabric softener. A giant manufacturer even claims a massive 50 percent share of the market. Despite the popularity, fabric softeners can be harmful to both the people who use them and the marine life that ends up swimming in them.

Fabric softening surfactants can be derived from animals, plants or minerals, as in the case of newer, silicone-based formulations. There is little difference between the chemicals used in fabric softeners and those used in hair conditioners. Whatever they are based on, all fabric softeners work in pretty much the same way, by depositing these surfactants onto the fabric to make it feel softer, reduce static cling, and impart a fresh fragrance.

Special fixatives in the mix of both standard and luxury conditioners mean that the fragrance can last for days, permeating wardrobes and drawers. The regular off-gassing of perfume chemicals from fabric softeners can be a significant trigger for asthma and other breathing problems. In the US, chemically sensitive individuals complain that, even after several washes, they cannot get the smell of fabric softeners out of their washing machines and dryers.

If you are a fabric softener addict, there are now a number of companies that provide alternative and ‘green’ fabric softeners. However, essentially, these are unnecessary products that can trigger health problems and can interfere with the functional aspect of some textiles. For instance, when used on towels and nappies, some fabric softeners can reduce absorbency, which is why it’s generally recommended that reusable nappies aren’t washed with them. Once they are washed down the drain they can become highly toxic to aquatic life. Given this, maybe it’s worth asking yourself whether the time has come to break the fabric softener habit completely.

4. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The downside of fabric softener usage

B. The popularity of fabric softener in the US

C. Harmful compounds found in fabric softener

D. Controlling the habit of using fabric softener

E. Environmental issues caused by fabric softener

Jawaban: A. The downside of fabric softener usage

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan gagasan utama dari teks. Untuk menentukan gagasan utama keseluruhan teks, gagasan utama dari setiap paragraf perlu dipahami terlebih dulu.

Paragraf 1 menyampaikan bahwa meskipun banyak digunakan, pelembut kain bisa berbahaya bagi orang yang menggunakannya dan kehidupan laut.

Paragraf 2 membahas mengenai senyawa kimia (surfaktan) yang terkandung dalam pelembut kain dan caranya bekerja.

Paragraf 3 membahas wewangian pada pelembut kain yang dapat menjadi pemicu yang signifikan masalah pernapasan.

Paragraf 4 membahas tentang penggunaan pelembut kain yang dianggap tidak perlu karena membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan kehidupan laut.

Secara keseluruhan, dapat dipahami bahwa gagasan utama teks tersebut adalah sisi negatif dari penggunaan pelembut kain seperti gangguan pernafasan dan potensi kerusakan di kehidupan laut. Dengan demikian, pilihan A tepat.

Pilihan B (popularitas pelembut kain di AS) tidak tepat. Popularitas penggunaan pelembut kain hanya dibahas sedikit pada paragraf pertama. Jadi, hal ini bukan fokus utama teks.

Pilihan C (senyawa berbahaya yang ditemukan dalam pelembut kain) tidak tepat. Zat kimia memang dibahas dalam teks, tetapi yang menjadi fokus teks adalah akibat dari penggunaanya yang dapat membahayakan kesehatan dan kehidupan laut.

Pilihan D (mengatur kebiasaan menggunakan pelembut kain) tidak tepat karena teks secara umum menyampaikan informasi mengenai kandungan dan dampak penggunaan pelembut pakaian, bukan membahas kebiasaan dalam penggunaannya.

Pilihan E (masalah lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh pelembut kain) tidak tepat karena teks hanya menyebutkan sedikit informasi mengenai pelembut kain yang dapat meracuni kehidupan laut pada paragraf akhir, tetapi tidak membahasnya lebih jauh. Dengan demikian, gagasan utama teks ini tidak membahas masalah-masalah lingkungan yang disebabkan oleh pelembut kain.

5. The word permeating in the third paragraph is similar in meaning with…..

A. filling

B. soaking

C. charging

D. attaining

E. absorbing

Jawaban: A. filling

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan kata yang maknanya sama dengan kata permeating.

Kata permeating terdapat pada paragraf ketiga kalimat pertama, yang artinya 'Fiksatif khusus dalam campuran kondisioner standar dan mewah yang berarti bahwa wewangian dapat bertahan selama berhari-hari, permeating lemari dan laci'. Jika wangi dalam bertahan lama, maka dapat dipahami jika wangi tersebut sudah mengisi atau meresap ke dalam lemari dan laci. Kata permeating memiliki arti 'meresap' sehingga kata dengan makna yang serupa adalah filling (mengisi). Dengan demikian, pilihan A tepat.

Sementara itu, kata soaking memiliki arti 'merendam'; charging memiliki arti 'mengisi'; attaining memiliki arti 'mencapai'; absorbing memiliki arti 'menyerap' sehingga pilihan lainnya tidak tepat.

The questions number 6 - 8 are based on the following passage.

Most of us heard the good advice that we need to eat less sugar- and rightly so. However, despite the numerous warnings by health authorities of the ill effects of sugar, the majority of the population is still consuming sugar on a daily basis in some form or other. We do not have to consume white, refined sugar to be consuming sugar. Sugar includes glucose, fructose (as in fruit sugar), lactose (as in milk), sucrose (as in table sugar), maltose or malts (as in rice malt and honey), jam (contains concentrated juice, which is high in fruit sugar), maple syrup, corn syrup, palm sugar (traditionally used in macrobiotic cooking), and the very deceiving organic brown sugar, which is not all that different from white sugar. Even alcohol is a sugar. All of these sugars are problematic in many different ways. The body changes sugar into 2 to 5 times more fat in the bloodstream than it does starch.

With 146 proven reasons why sugar is bad for us, is there perhaps one single reason as to why we might need it? The only interesting thing about sugar is that it tastes good and makes us temporarily feel good. This is an area worth exploring. According to Traditional Chinese Medicine, a 5000 year old wisdom of self-contained knowledge of healing, we all need sweetness in our life.

We need six tastes: sweet, sour, salty, astringent, bitter and pungent to stimulate the taste buds on our tongue at main meals, in order to experience satiety.

Many people really try hard to avoid sugar, and do not sweeten their tea or coffee, yet they Crave sugar in some other form, such as chocolates, cakes, ice cream or even fruit - dates and higs. Dates are 99 persen sugar, in the form of fructose. When a person is in metabolic balance they do not crave sugar. If they do, it is a sign of metabolic imbalance and it can be corrected without having to consume sugar.

6. What is the author's attitude toward the topic of the passage?

A. Considerate

B. Determined

C. Persistent

D. Thoughtful

E. Cautious

Jawaban: E. Cautious

Pembahasan:

Penulis menyampaikan bahwa banyak orang telah menghindari konsumsi gula, sedangkan mereka tidak sadar bahwa gula terkandung pada ada pada banyak bahan makanan selama ini masih mereka konsumsi.

7. The paragraph following the passage will likely talk about ....

A. a way of remedying metabolic inequality

B. details of a person with metabolic problems

C. a comparison of sugar contents in tea and cakes

D. other sweetener types for replacing sugar

E. effects of consuming too much sugar

Jawaban: A. a way of remedying metabolic inequality

Pembahasan:

Kalimat terakhir pada paragraf menyampaikan tentang tanda bahwa seseorang memiliki ketidakseimbangan metabolism. Maka paragraf berikutnya akan menyampaikan cara untuk mengatasi gangguan keseimbangan metabolisme seseorang.

8. Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized that we will feel full if……..

A. there is sugar in the food

B. we eat or drink something sweet

C. alcohol is served during meal time

D. tastes in the food complement each other

E. our body suffers from metabolic imbalance

Jawaban: D. tastes in the food complement each other

Pembahasan:

Pada paragraf 3 disebutkan “We need six tastes: sweet, sour, salty, astringent, bitter and pungent to stimulate the taste buds on our tongue at main meals, in order to experience satiety” yang artinya, kita memerlukan keenam maca, rasa tersebut agar bisa merasakan kenyang.

The questions number 9 - 10 are based on the following passage.

Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw materials slowed or sometimes stopped. On top of that, shifting consumer values and tougher environmental regulations have resulted in more people buying hybrid vehicles. The batteries in these cars require rare metals that, depending on their supplies, can have volatile and unpredictable prices. However, there are other scarce elements and materials that may be used in smaller amounts in hybrid models versus conventional gas vehicles, raising the question of how these vehicles really compare with regard to supply chain vulnerabilities. Randolph Kirchain and colleagues wanted to develop a comprehensive comparison of the elements and compounds that go into all the parts in gas-powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars, calculating each of the three vehicles' materials cost vulnerability.

The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than 350,000 parts used to build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with different levels of electrification, including four sedans and three sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Then, they calculated the amount of the 76 chemical elements present, as well as a few other materials, in each car type. To develop a monetary metric for vulnerability, the team considered the weight of each component, along with its average price and price volatility between 1998 and 2015. The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks. The largest contributors to the increase in cost risks were battery-related elements, such as cobalt, nickel, graphite and neodymium. The researchers say that as manufacturers ramp up electric vehicle production to meet demand, reducing raw material cost risks with long-term supplier contracts, substituting some materials or recycling others will be a good idea.

9. According to the passage, due to the raw components, the buyers will find a hybrid vehicle.....

A. pricey

B. exorbitant

C. invaluable

D. overpriced

E. economical

Jawaban: A. pricey

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan informasi yang tepat tentang pendapat pembeli mengenai mobil hibrida berdasarkan bahan bakunya.

Informasi yang menunjukkan bahan baku mobil hibrida terdapat di paragraf kedua. Pada paragraf tersebut, disampaikan bahwa menurut penelitian, komponen kendaraan hibrida berharga tinggi (The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks.).

Dengan demikian, dapat diketahui bahwa ketika orang-orang membeli kendaraan hibrida, mereka akan mendapati produk tersebut berharga tinggi sehingga pilihan A tepat.

Pilihan B dan D tidak tepat. Kata exorbitant dan overpriced memiliki arti 'di atas harga wajar'. Pada teks memang disebutkan bahwa harga bahan baku kendaraan hibrida tinggi, tetapi bukan berarti harga tersebut di atas harga wajar.

Pilihan C (tak ternilai) tidak tepat. Bahan baku yang berharga tinggi akan membuat kendaraan hibrida juga berharga tinggi, tetapi berharga tinggi bukan berarti tak ternilai.

Pilihan E (ekonomis atau terjangkau) tidak tepat karena harga bahan baku kendaraan hibrida berharga tinggi.

10. How does the author organize the ideas in paragraph 1 and 2?

A. Paragraph 2 exemplifies issues stated in paragraph 1.

B. Paragraph 2 contains a solution to the issue addressed in paragraph 1.

C. Paragraph 2 asserts the weakness of hybrid vehicles explained in paragraph 1.

D. Paragraph 2 reveals the reasons behind the research on vehicles introduced in paragraph 1.

E. Paragraph 2 explains further about research on gas-powered and hybrid vehicles mentioned in paragraph 1.

Jawaban: E. Paragraph 2 explains further about research on gas-powered and hybrid vehicles mentioned in paragraph 1.

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan kaitan antara paragraf 1 dan paragraf 2 pada teks.

Paragraf 1 membahas tentang upaya penelitian untuk membandingkan komponen mobil berbahan bakar minyak dengan mobil hibrida. Penelitian ini didasarkan ketidakjelasan dampak yang diberikan kedua jenis kendaraan tersebut terhadap kerentanan rantai pasokan elektronik. Sementara itu, paragraf 2 menjabarkan bagaimana penelitian tersebut dilaksanakan. Dengan demikian, paragraf 2 menjelaskan lebih lanjut tentang penelitian yang disebutkan pada paragraf 1 sehingga pilihan E tepat.

Pilihan A (Paragraf 2 mencontohkan masalah yang dinyatakan dalam paragraf 1) dan pilihan B (Paragraf 2 berisi solusi untuk masalah yang dibahas dalam paragraf 1) tidak tepat karena paragraf kedua tidak memberi contoh ataupun berisi solusi terhadap permasalahan yang disampaikan pada paragraf pertama.

Pilihan C (Paragraf 2 menegaskan kelemahan kendaraan hibrida yang dijelaskan dalam paragraf 1) tidak tepat. Pada paragraf pertama tidak disebutkan kelemahan kendaraan hibrida sehingga tidak tepat jika dikatakan paragraf kedua menegaskan kelemahan kendaraan tersebut.

Pilihan D (Paragraf 2 mengungkapkan alasan di balik penelitian tentang kendaraan yang diperkenalkan pada paragraf 1) tidak tepat karena paragraf kedua tidak menyampaikan alasan di balik penelitian yang disampaikan pada paragraf pertama. Alasan tersebut justru disampaikan di paragraf pertama.

(cr31/tribun-medan.com)