Contoh Soal SNBT 2023 Materi Literasi Bahasa Inggris, Cocok Untuk yang Mau Masuk ISI Yogyakarta

TRIBUN-MEDAN.COM - Seleksi Nasional Berdasarkan Tes (SNBT) 2023 akan dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei mendatang.

Sebelum menghadapi ujian SNBT 2023, alangkah baiknya calon mahasiswa mempersiapkan diri agar masuk ke Universitas impian.

Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu kampus negeri yang dapat kamu jadikan sebagai pilihan saat mendaftar SNBT.

Institut Seni Indonesia (ISI) Yogyakarta adalah sebuah perguruan tinggi negeri di Indonesia yang berlokasi di Kabupaten Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta.

Sebelum memilih kuliah di ISI Yogyakarta, ada baiknya Anda menyiapkan beberapa soal latihan.

Ada tujuh materi yang akan diujikan dalam Seleksi Nasional Berdasarkan Tes (SNBT), salah satunya ialah Literasi Bahasa Inggris.

Pada soal Literasi Bahasa Inggris, seluruh materi pembelajaran akan dikemas dalam satu bacaan teks, sehingga lebih sederhana dan lebih berfokus pada penalaran.

Untuk menjawab soal Literasi Bahasa Inggris, calon mahasiswa harus memperbanyak latihan membaca teks bahasa inggris karena soal banyak disajikan dalam bentuk teks.

Bacalah teks berikut untuk menjawab soal 1 - 2

United States citizens have always had a problem relating to the colonial period of their history. They have often thought that earlier period to be less relevant, less historically significant, than the later national period of their history. For many, the colonial era lacks seriousness; it seems trivial and antique and shrouded in nostalgia. For much of United States history, popular opinion has considered the century and a half of the colonial period to be simply a quaint prolog to the main story that followed the American Revolution.

In part this is because the colonial period has become a natural source of folklore and mythmaking. Since the United States, unlike older Western nations, lacks a misty past in which the historical record is remote and obscure, people have tended to transform authentic historical figures and events of the colonial past into mythical characters and legends. Unlike England we have no King Canute, no King Arthur, no Robin Hood to spin tales and legends about. Instead, we have transformed John Smith and Pocahontas, the Pilgrim Fathers, and Squanto (historical figures about whom we know a great deal) into fanciful and fabulous characters.

But such has not always been the case. In the decades following the Revolution, the colonial period was an integral and important part of history.

1. The primary purpose of this passage is to .....

A. argue that colonial history had no influence on later periods in United States history.

B. demonstrate that the colonial history of the United States is a mixture of legends and myths.

C. present a rationale for teaching future generations of people in the United States about colonial history.

D. explain why many people in the United States perceive colonial history in a particular way.

E. suggest that a general ignorance of colonial history has caused people to repeat the mistakes of that era.

Jawaban: D. explain why many people in the United States perceive colonial history in a particular way.

Pembahasan: Option A is incorrect because this isn’t the purpose of the passage. The author doesn’t suggest that colonial history had no influence; in fact, “In the decades following the (American) Revolution, the colonial period was an integral and important part of history.” Option B is incorrect because this is too narrow to be the main purpose of the passage. The author says that the current U.S. perception of colonial history is a mythical one, but the purpose of the passage is to explain why that is. Option C is incorrect because this isn’t the purpose of the passage. The author doesn’t talk about the education of future United States citizens about colonial history; instead, the passage focuses on current U.S. perceptions of the time period (and also compares the perceptions of this time period to those of people in the decades following the American Revolution). Option E is incorrect because this isn’t the main point of the passage; the author doesn’t discuss repeated mistakes. Option D is the best choice. The passage starts by saying that people in the U.S. perceive the colonial period as a “quaint prolog” to U.S. history and is “shrouded in nostalgia.” The rest of the passage focuses on why U.S. citizens perceive colonial history in that way.

2. The author implies that which of the following is the most direct result of transforming colonial history into sentimental stories?

A. It gives a much-needed nostalgic tone to an era otherwise lacking in emotion.

B. It makes knowledge of colonial history more accessible to people of all ages.

C. It fills in gaps where no actual historical data are available.

D. It denigrates the work of those who study colonial history.

E. It detracts from the historical significance of the colonial era.

Jawaban: E. It detracts from the historical significance of the colonial era.

Pembahasan: Option A is incorrect because the author doesn’t suggest that the colonial period’s actual history lacks emotion. We don’t have enough information from the passage to make this inference. Option B is incorrect because the author doesn’t suggest this; the author doesn’t talk about age groups at all, so we don’t know the author’s view on whether the “sentimental stories” of the colonial period might be more accessible to younger people, for example. Option C is incorrect because it conflicts with what the author suggests. The author says that there is a lot of historical data available about the historical figures people have turned into myths: “we have transformed John Smith and Pocahontas, the Pilgrim Fathers, and Squanto (historical figures about whom we know a great deal) into fanciful and fabulous characters.” The author doesn’t mention any gaps in historical data. Option D is incorrect because this choice is too strong to be the likely result of transforming colonial history into myth. To “denigrate” means to belittle or to say bad things. It’s not suggested that the myth-making of the colonial era says anything bad about those who study the history of the period. Option E is the best choice. The author implies this at the end of the passage: “In the decades following the (American) Revolution, the colonial period was an integral and important part of history.” This was before people started making a myth out of the colonial period. Since the author says the colonial period was “an integral and important part of history” before the myth-making, this implies that the myths have detracted, or taken away, from the historical significance of that time.

The questions number 3 are based on the following passage.

Measles, a childhood disease, has caused suffering to mankind for thousands of years. However, the search for an effective measles vaccine lasted two hundred years and has finally ended in success. Now, for the first time, measles is a preventable disease. You may ask, ”How is this important to children?” Every year measles kills twice as many Americans as polio does. More children die from measles than from any other common childhood disease. Also complications of some degree occur in about one child out of six. Most complication include pneumonia and ear disorders. Another after-effect of measles-brain damage is less common, but it can have such serious consequence that it deserves special attention. Brain damage due to measles sounds like something far away from our experience. In reality, it is not. Like other injury, damage to the brain can be very slight or very severe. It is quite possible that we have never seen or heard a child who has severe brain damage – the child would either have died or would be in an institution. However, in medical research a relation has been found between measles and such things as behavior problems, personality changes and dulling of metal ability. For example, a child may be bad-tempered or a little slow to learn after he has recovered from measles.

3. One of the important findings of the research on measles is that.....

A. children who have got measles may become difficult to handle because of their behavior.

B. in reality, there are no measles patients who get brain damage.

C. personality changes already occur at the time a child has measles.

D. measles can cause children to become physically handicapped.

E. measles is the first killer of childhood disease in the world

Jawaban: A. children who have got measles may become difficult to handle because of their behavior.

Pembahasan:

Untuk mengerjakan soal seperti ini, kamu perlu mengetahui dulu kalimat kunci yang menjadi inti dari teks. Dalam dua kalimat terakhir, dijelaskan bahwa ada kaitan antara measles dengan perubahan sikap, kepribadian, dan penumpulan kemampuan mental. Misalnya, setelah menderita measles anak jadi sering marah-marah atau lamban dalam belajar. Nah, perilaku seperti ini memungkinkan seorang anak menjadi sulit ditangani setelah menderita measles.

The questions number 4 are based on the following passage.

Exercise is painful. As the cliché goes, “No pain, no gain.” When the body exerts itself, pumping action out of muscles to tear them down and build their mass, it’s left with a soreness. Doctors, coaches, and mothers all recommend heat for tense sore muscles—warm baths, moist towels, hot-water bottles, or heated pads as thermotherapy techniques. But how exactly does applying this heat help the pain and relax the muscles?

 While exercising, the body requires more energy than it can produce through aerobic respiration, or the intake of oxygen. To create enough energy for vigorous movement, the body goes through another process: anaerobic respiration. This type of energy production burns sugars without oxygen, producing lactic acid within exerted muscles. Overworked muscles and a buildup of lactic acid are what cause the pain associated with exercising. When heat is applied to a sore area of the body, blood vessels widen and blood flow increases to transport excess lactic acid and other toxins away from tired muscles. These muscles are also made more elastic by the heat, and nerve endings are stimulated to block pain signals.

4. What is the purpose of the underlined sentence in paragraph 1?

A. highlight the process of muscle building during exercise

B. illustrate the cliché related to exercise and pain

C. explain the sources of pain while exercising

D. show the process of soreness on muscles

E. define the cliché “No pain, no gain”  

Jawaban: B. illustrate the cliché related to exercise and pain

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan tujuan penulisan kalimat bergaris bawah yang terdapat pada paragraf pertama.

Terjemahan kalimat tersebut adalah ketika tubuh berolah raga, menuntut otot untuk bekerja keras dan mambangun massa, tubuh akan terasa nyeri. Dengan kata lain, kalimat tersebut bertujuan mengilustrasikan ungkapan “No pain, no gain,” yang berarti 'Tidak ada pengorbanan, tidak ada hasil.’ (Pilihan B). Pengorbanan yang dimaksud diilustrasikan dengan rasa nyeri pada tubuh dan hasil diilustrasikan dengan pembentukan massa otot.

Pilihan A tidak tepat. Kalimat tersebut tidak menyoroti proses otot terbentuk saja, melainkan juga efek yang ditimbulkannya, yaitu rasa nyeri.

Pilihan C tidak tepat. Kalimat tersebut menyebutkan bahwa sumber rasa nyeri pada tubuh saat berolahraga adalah kerja keras otot saja. Tidak ada penjelasan mengenai sumber lain.

Pilihan D tidak tepat. Kalimat tersebut bukan hanya menunjukkan tentang nyeri pada otot yang diakibatkan dari berolah raga, tetapi juga terbentuknya massa otot.

Pilihan E tidak tepat. Kalimat tersebut tidak memuat definisi dari ungkapan “No pain, no gain”, melainkan hanya memberikan ilustrasi untuk ungkapan tersebut.

The questions number 5 - 7 are based on the following passage.

In the US, consumers spend around $700 million a year keeping their fabrics soft. In the UK people spend £200 million a year on fabric softener. A giant manufacturer even claims a massive 50 percent share of the market. Despite the popularity, fabric softeners can be harmful to both the people who use them and the marine life that ends up swimming in them.

Fabric softening surfactants can be derived from animals, plants or minerals, as in the case of newer, silicone-based formulations. There is little difference between the chemicals used in fabric softeners and those used in hair conditioners. Whatever they are based on, all fabric softeners work in pretty much the same way, by depositing these surfactants onto the fabric to make it feel softer, reduce static cling, and impart a fresh fragrance.

Special fixatives in the mix of both standard and luxury conditioners mean that the fragrance can last for days, permeating wardrobes and drawers. The regular off-gassing of perfume chemicals from fabric softeners can be a significant trigger for asthma and other breathing problems. In the US, chemically sensitive individuals complain that, even after several washes, they cannot get the smell of fabric softeners out of their washing machines and dryers.

If you are a fabric softener addict, there are now a number of companies that provide alternative and ‘green’ fabric softeners. However, essentially, these are unnecessary products that can trigger health problems and can interfere with the functional aspect of some textiles. For instance, when used on towels and nappies, some fabric softeners can reduce absorbency, which is why it’s generally recommended that reusable nappies aren’t washed with them. Once they are washed down the drain they can become highly toxic to aquatic life. Given this, maybe it’s worth asking yourself whether the time has come to break the fabric softener habit completely.

5. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The downside of fabric softener usage

B. The popularity of fabric softener in the US

C. Harmful compounds found in fabric softener

D. Controlling the habit of using fabric softener

E. Environmental issues caused by fabric softener

Jawaban: A. The downside of fabric softener usage

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan gagasan utama dari teks. Untuk menentukan gagasan utama keseluruhan teks, gagasan utama dari setiap paragraf perlu dipahami terlebih dulu.

Paragraf 1 menyampaikan bahwa meskipun banyak digunakan, pelembut kain bisa berbahaya bagi orang yang menggunakannya dan kehidupan laut.

Paragraf 2 membahas mengenai senyawa kimia (surfaktan) yang terkandung dalam pelembut kain dan caranya bekerja.

Paragraf 3 membahas wewangian pada pelembut kain yang dapat menjadi pemicu yang signifikan masalah pernapasan.

Paragraf 4 membahas tentang penggunaan pelembut kain yang dianggap tidak perlu karena membahayakan kesehatan manusia dan kehidupan laut.

Secara keseluruhan, dapat dipahami bahwa gagasan utama teks tersebut adalah sisi negatif dari penggunaan pelembut kain seperti gangguan pernafasan dan potensi kerusakan di kehidupan laut. Dengan demikian, pilihan A tepat.

6. The word permeating in the third paragraph is similar in meaning with…..

A. filling

B. soaking

C. charging

D. attaining

E. absorbing

Jawaban: A. filling

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan kata yang maknanya sama dengan kata permeating.

Kata permeating terdapat pada paragraf ketiga kalimat pertama, yang artinya 'Fiksatif khusus dalam campuran kondisioner standar dan mewah yang berarti bahwa wewangian dapat bertahan selama berhari-hari, permeating lemari dan laci'. Jika wangi dalam bertahan lama, maka dapat dipahami jika wangi tersebut sudah mengisi atau meresap ke dalam lemari dan laci. Kata permeating memiliki arti 'meresap' sehingga kata dengan makna yang serupa adalah filling (mengisi). Dengan demikian, pilihan A tepat.

Sementara itu, kata soaking memiliki arti 'merendam'; charging memiliki arti 'mengisi'; attaining memiliki arti 'mencapai'; absorbing memiliki arti 'menyerap' sehingga pilihan lainnya tidak tepat.

7. Based on the passage, it can be hypothesized that…..

A. 'Green' softeners are developed in response to the needs of fabric softener addicts.

B. Manufactures will shift to producing 'green' fabric softener products.

C. A small amount of fabric softener chemicals in the water will not harm aquatic life.

D. The absorbency in some textiles will be reduced if they are washed with fabric softeners.

E. People with breathing problems will feel safer using fabric softener if it contains fewer perfume chemicals.

Jawaban: E. People with breathing problems will feel safer using fabric softener if it contains fewer perfume chemicals.

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan hipotesis atau kesimpulan sementara yang bisa dibuat berdasarkan teks tersebut. Kesimpulan tersebut masih perlu dibuktikan kebenarannya melalui penelitian.

Pilihan E (Orang dengan masalah pernapasan akan merasa lebih aman menggunakan pelembut kain jika mengandung lebih sedikit bahan kimia parfum.) tepat. Pada paragraf 3 dijelaskan bahwa bahan kimia parfum dari pelembut kain dapat menjadi pemicu asma dan masalah pernafasan lainnya. Dari pernyataan ini dapat dibuat hipotesis (kesimpulan sementara), yaitu jika pelembut kain mengandung lebih sedikit bahan kimia parfum, maka akan memperkecil kemungkinan timbulnya masalah pernafasan sehingga membuat mereka yang memiliki masalah pernafasan akan merasa lebih aman menggunakannya.

The questions number 8 - 10 are based on the following passage.

Those in the retail industry that are successful in digitally transforming will be ones that leverage technology to innovate around an immersive and disruptive customer experience. These “lighthouse” retailers are the ones driving innovation, adopting emerging technologies early, and showing the industry what works and is possible. They are the ones experimenting with new models and store formats, playing with recombinations/reconfigurations of scale, assets, product, place, and people. The “store of the future” is the keystone of this effort.

The store of the future will combine multiple formats to deliver an immersive and unique experience across all customer touchpoints online and in the store. It will be heavily instrumented for operational efficiency and digitally connected end-to-end to leverage a single view of customer, product, and order. The store of the future – despite its reliance on sophisticated technology and infrastructure – will be trying to look smaller and less intimidating, more personalized, and frictionless.

The deployment of these and other digital technologies in disruptive ways can turn visitors into shoppers and shoppers into brand-loyal customers. However, understanding which consumers want personalization and which want contextualized and relevant experiences, while protecting everyone’s privacy, has grown more difficult. With so much at stake, data privacy has become a challenge for every party involved.

8. Who needs to see the passage?

A. Online customer

B. Businessperson

C. Manufacturer

D. Importer

E. Distributor

Jawaban: B Businessperson

Pembahasan:

Soal di atas menanyakan sasaran pembaca yang tepat untuk teks ini. Untuk mengetahuinya, perlu dipahami ide pokok dari teks terlebih dahulu.

Pada paragraf 1, penulis mendeskripsikan kualitas retailer yang sukses melakukan transformasi digital.

Pada paragraf 2, penulis menggambarkan format toko di masa depan.

Pada paragraf 3, penulis menjelaskan dampak negatif dari penggunaan teknologi bagi pelanggan, yaitu terkait dengan keamanan data mereka.

Oleh karena itu, yang paling mungkin menjadi sasaran teks adalah orang yang berwenang atau yang dapat membuat kebijakan untuk mengubah format ritel menjadi digital dan mempelajari langkah-langkah yang harus diterapkan supaya sukses dalam transformasinya. Dari opsi jawaban, sasaran pembaca yang paling tepat adalah businessperson, yaitu orang yang bekerja di bidang bisnis, terutama orang yang memiliki posisi penting di perusahaan. Dengan demikian, pilihan B tepat.

9. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Customers demanded stores with cutting-edge infrastructure to be user-friendly.

B. The more advanced the technology is, the more successful the retailers will be.

C. Each customer will receive a better and more unique experience in online shopping.

D. Providing a one-of-a-kind shopping experience will require a combination of formats.

E. Stores of the future are trying to achieve the ultimate goal that is to attract more visitors.

Jawaban: D. Providing a one-of-a-kind shopping experience will require a combination of formats.

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan pernyataan yang tepat berdasarkan teks.

Pilihan D tepat. Informasi ini juga terdapat di paragraf dua kalimat satu. Disebutkan bahwa toko di masa depan memang akan menggabungkan berbagai format untuk memberikan pengalaman berbelanja yang berbeda. Dengan demikian, pernyataan informasi ini sesuai.

10. What is the subject of the passage?

A. The emerging technology-specific change in retail industries

B. Digital transformation strategies and initiatives for retail organizations

C. The digitalization of retail business to push towards its improvements

D. The qualities of retailers in succeeding their digital transformation plans

E. Different ways of digital transformation in redefining retail stores

Jawaban: C. The digitalization of retail business to push towards its improvements

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan ide pokok dari teks. Ide pokok ini dapat diketahui dengan memerhatikan ide pokok dari setiap paragraf.

Paragraf satu membahas tentang kualitas yang membuat sebuah pihak sukses dalam transformasi digital industri ritel.

Paragraf dua menjelaskan gambaran tentang “toko masa depan”.

Paragraf tiga menjelaskan masalah yang muncul dari penggunaan teknologi di industri ritel.

Berdasarkan ide pokok tersebut, dapat dipahami bahwa ide pokok dari bacaan adalah transformasi digital pada industri ritel, atau bisa dimaknai dengan digitalisasi bisnis ritel untuk mendorong peningkatannya atau bisa dimaknai dengan peningkatan fungsi dari sistem yang sudah ada pada industri ritel dengan teknologi. Dengan demikian, pilihan C tepat. 

(cr31/tribun-medan.com)